The microcontroller’s CPU reads program code from memory, one instruction at a time, decodes each instruction, and then executes it. All memory content—both program code and data—is in binary form: ...

When programming a microcontroller, there are some physical limitations that you’ll come across much earlier than programming a modern computer, whether that’s program size or even processor speed. To ...

We’ve come to the point where we need to define an assembly language for our 4-Bit HRRG Computer, but first we need to consider certain concepts. These days, we are used to programming our computers ...