Study design: Clinical case report with comments by colleagues from Austria, Belgium, Germany, Japan, and Poland. Objectives: To discuss challenges in the management of spinal bifida patients, who ...

From the recently collected papillary calculi, four patients with chronic stone formation requiring retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) were selected. All these patients have previously spontaneously ...

Prior to the development of ESWL or instruments suitable for ureteroscopy, management of ureteral calculi was limited to open ureterolithotomy, blind basketry, or "wait-and-see" observation in hopes ...

This Journal feature begins with a case vignette that includes a therapeutic recommendation. A discussion of the clinical problem and the mechanism of benefit of this form of therapy follows. Major ...