Ocean acidification, driven by the absorption of anthropogenic CO₂, is altering seawater chemistry by lowering pH and reducing carbonate ion availability. Echinoderms – including sea urchins, starfish ...

Echinoderms possess a specialised extracellular matrix known as mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) that can undergo rapid and reversible changes in tensile strength and stiffness under nervous control.

The conservation of genome regulatory elements over long periods of evolution is not limited to vertebrates, as previously thought, but also in echinoderms (invertebrates). This is one of the most ...

define the term adaptation. describe adaptations of sea stars. explain how adaptations of animals enable them to survive in different environments. Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea ...

A 500-million-year-old fossil from Morocco, discovered by Natural History Museum scientists, is offering extraordinary new insights into one of evolution's most puzzling transformations: how ...

The recent Invertebrate Wars reminded me of spectacular, but often ignored, group of gastropods. The parasites! This is a group that I have totally geeked out on in the past. In my previous work I ...

Rachael has a degree in Zoology from the University of Southampton, and specializes in animal behavior, evolution, palaeontology, and the environment. Rachael has a degree in Zoology from the ...

Sea stars and their relatives eat, breathe and scuttle around the seafloor with tiny tube feet. Now researchers have gotten their first-ever look at similar tentacle-like structures in an extinct ...

The conservation of genome regulatory elements over long periods of evolution is not limited to vertebrates, as previously thought, but also in echinoderms (invertebrates). This is one of the most ...

This exercise illustrates the two major features that all members of the Phylum Echinodermata have in common - the water vascular system and pentaradial symmetry. The take home message is that all ...