After decades of rising global economic integration, the world economy is now fragmenting. To measure this phenomenon, we introduce an index of geopolitical fragmentation derived from various ...

Geopolitical tensions have raised the prospect that strategic competition and national security concerns may trump the shared economic benefits of global trade. Interdependencies between economies ...

This paper studies the potential effects of geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF) in the sub-Saharan Africa region (SSA) through quantifying potential long-term economic costs. The paper considers two ...