Homes, offices, schools, and roads aren’t just backdrops to our lives. They shape the kinds of people we become.

Once you see it, you can't unsee it. Examples of hostile architecture, also known as hostile design or defensible architecture, are everywhere in cities and public spaces.

Bus benches with dividers on Second Avenue. (Photo by Calista Stocker/Times of San Diego) In 2017, the Metropolitan Transit System spent $1.4 million upgrading bus stop benches throughout the county.

TACOMA, Wash. — The City of Tacoma has been using boulders, benches and fences to try to stop people from setting up encampments on city sidewalks and streets. “It is definitely making people move ...

In this month's 'Phenomena', we look at hostile architecture – design that polices and shapes cities across the world ...

We’ve all seen them – the public benches with notches that divide the space into three seats. They are meant to deter loitering and sleeping but they also stand in the way of comfort for someone who ...