Is the infant breathing easily? Easy breathing means the respiratory rate is normal (40–60 breaths per minute), respirations are regular (not irregular, no apnea), and that there are no signs of ...

A newly-published Cochrane review reveals significant gaps in the clinical rating scales used to assess pain in newborn babies, highlighting the urgent need for improved tools and global collaboration ...

Although clinicians have traditionally used the Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool to assess the severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal, a newer function-based approach — the Eat, Sleep, ...

The debate over fetal and neonatal pain sits at the intersection of empirical science and ethical judgement. Advances in monitoring have revealed hormonal, neural and behavioural responses to noxious ...

Despite advances in our knowledge of the natural history and predictability of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), the least understood part of the natural history of T1D concerns the inductive events ...