Surface wrinkling morphologies in various living matter with toroidal geometry. (a) Bidirectional stripes on a garlic. (b) Hexagonal-labyrinth bistable patterns on a dehydrated pepper. (c) Transverse ...

We explored the feasibility of splitting one of the larger monomeric designs into fragments that can assemble symmetrically to reform complete toroids comprising multiple copies of identical subunits.

For the PDF version of this article, click here. Design engineers are under constant pressure to reduce component size while ensuring equal or greater performance. Most engineers would prefer to ...