Abstract: With the growing urgency of carbon neutrality, sustainable intelligent transportation systems must support green path planning that simultaneously accounts for arbitrary origin–destination ...
Generic LIFO structure. Interview staple for parentheses validation, expression evaluation, and iterative DFS. Singly linked list with reverse, cycle detection (Floyd's), and middle-node finding (slow ...
This engine models spatial networks as directed graphs with weighted edges. Core use cases include shortest-path computation, reachability analysis, and finding optimal routes under ...