When Francisco de Bobadilla was sent to investigate Columbus’s governance in Hispaniola, he uncovered a reign of terror. Testimony from both Spanish colonists and indigenous Taíno people described systematic torture, mutilation, and executions. Columbus was said to have ordered the severing of ears and noses as punishment, while gallows lined with bodies testified to the violence of his rule. He had even sold indigenous people into slavery without royal sanction, deepening the scandal. Arriving

The gallows in front of the camp kitchen building at Auschwitz I site. On 19 July 1943, 12 Polish prisoners from the surveying unit were executed there. They were condemned for helping three other prisoners from the surveying squad in their escape in mid-January 1943. They were: Stanisław Stawiński (No. 6569), Czesław Marcisz (No. 26891), Janusz Skrzetuski-Pogonowski (No. 253), Edmund Sikorski (No. 25419), Jerzy Woźniak (No. 35650), Józef Wojtyga (No. 24740), Zbigniew Foltański (No. 41664), Bogu